-
1 Aspdin, Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 1778 Leeds, Englandd. 20 March 1855 Wakefield (?), England[br]English pioneer in the development of the cement industry.[br]Joseph Aspdin was the eldest of the six children of Thomas Aspdin, a bricklayer. He became interested in making advanced cements for rendering brickwork and, on 21 October 1824, patented a calcined mixture of limestone, clay and water that he called Portland Cement because he thought it resembled Portland Stone in colour.Aspdin established his first cement works at Kirkgate in Wakefield in 1825: this was demolished in 1838 due to railway development, and a new works was established in the town in 1843. A year later Joseph Aspdin retired and handed the business over to his elder son James. Meanwhile, William, a younger son of Joseph, had also entered the business of manufacturing cement. Born in Leeds on 23 September 1815, he joined his father's firm at the age of 14, but left in 1841 to set up his own firm at Rotherhithe, London. There he manufactured an improved cement that was better and stronger than Parker's Roman Cement, probably because it contained a higher proportion of clinkered material. Further improvements were made during the following years and new factories were established, first at Northfleet in Kent and later at Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne (1853). It is interesting that Sir Marc Brunel later preferred to use William Aspdin's cement in the Thames railway tunnel construction because of its greater strength (see Frost). William Aspdin died at Itzehoe in Germany in 1864.[br]Further ReadingA.J.Francis, 1977, The Cement Industry 1796–1914: A History, David \& Charles.DY -
2 Johnson, Isaac Charles
[br]b. 28 January 1811 Vauxhall, London, Englandd. 29 November 1911 Gravesend (?), Kent, England[br]English contributor to the development of efficient hydraulic cements.[br]As a young man Johnson studied both chemistry and physics and gained some experience in the manufacture of cement before joining the firm of John Bazely White as Works Manager at Swanscombe in Kent in 1838. He spent some years investigating the production processes and left the firm to set up on his own in 1851 on the Limehouse Reach of the River Medway, moving later to Gateshead on the River Tyne. Johnson produced a cement that was a great improvement on that of Parker and of Frost: like William Aspdin (see Aspdin, Joseph), he made a true Portland cement by mixing chalk, clay and water, and then clinkering the mixture. He used local clay at Gateshead and had the chalk shipped from the Thames area. In 1872 Johnson patented an improved bottle kiln, called the Johnson Chamber Kiln; it was of horizontal design, which speeded up manufacturing processes.[br]Further ReadingA.J.Francis, The Cement Industry 1796–1914: A History, David \& Charles.DY -
3 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
-
4 Pasley, General Sir Charles William
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 8 September 1780 Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire, Scotlandd. 19 April 1861 London, England[br]Scottish Colonel-Commandant, Royal Engineers.[br]At first he was educated by Andrew Little of Lan-gholm. At the age of 14 he was sent to school at Selkirk, where he stayed for two years until joining the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in August 1796. He was commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery and transferred to the Royal Engineers on 1 April 1798. He served at Minorca, Malta, Naples, Sicily, Calabria and in the siege of Copenhagen and in other campaigns. He was promoted First Captain in 1807, and was on the staff of Sir John Moore at the battle of Coruna. He was wounded at the siege of Flushing in 1809 and was invalided for a year, employing his time in learning German.In November 1810 he published his Essay on Military Policy and Institutions of the British Empire, which ran through four editions. In 1811 he was in command of a company of Royal Military Artificers at Plymouth and there he devised a method of education by which the NCOs and troops could teach themselves without "mathematical masters". His system was a great success and was adopted at Chatham and throughout the corps. In 1812 he was appointed Director of the School of Military Engineering at Chatham. He remained at Chatham until 1841, when he was appointed Inspector-General of Railways. During this period he organized improved systems of sapping, mining, telegraphing, pontooning and exploding gunpowder on land or under water, and prepared pamphlets and courses of instruction in these and other subjects. In May 1836 he started what is probably the most important work for which he is remembered. This, was a book on Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortar, Stuccos and Concretes. The general adoption of Joseph Aspdin's Portland Cement was largely due to Pasley's recommendation of the material.He was married twice: first in 1814 at Chatham to Harriet Cooper; and then on 30 March 1819 at Rochester to Martha Matilda Roberts, with whom he had six children— she died in 1881.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKGB 1846. FRS 1816. Honorary DCL, Oxford University 1844.Bibliography1810, Essay on Military Policy and Institutions of the British Empire. Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortar, Stuccos and Concretes.Further ReadingPorter, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers. DNB. Proceedings of the Royal Society.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Pasley, General Sir Charles William
См. также в других словарях:
Joseph Aspdin — (December? 1778 – 20 March 1855) was a British cement manufacturer who obtained the patent for Portland cement on 21 October 1824.Joseph Aspdin (or Aspden) was the eldest of the six children of Thomas Aspdin, a bricklayer living in the Hunslet… … Wikipedia
Aspdin — Patent Nr. BP 5022, An Improvement in the Modes of Producing an Artificial Stone , Joseph Aspdin, 21. Oktober 1824, Seite 1/2 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Joseph Aspdin — Foto de la patente sobre el cemento obtenida por Joseph Aspdin. Joseph Aspdin (diciembre? de 1778 – 20 de marzo de 1855) fue un fabricante de cemento, británico, que obtuvo la patente del cemento Portland el 21 de octubre de 1824. Era el mayor de … Wikipedia Español
Joseph Aspdin — (décembre ?1778 20 mars 1855 à Wakefield) était un inventeur anglais. Le brevet déposé par Joseph Aspdin en 1824 (1re page) … Wikipédia en Français
Aspdin — is a surname, and may refer to:* Joseph Aspdin (1778 1855), British cement manufacturer * William Aspdin (1815 1864), English cement manufactureree also* Aspden (surname) … Wikipedia
Joseph Aspdin — Patent Nr. BP 5022, An Improvement in the Modes of Producing an Artificial Stone , Joseph Aspdin, 21. Oktober 1824, Seite 1/2 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Joseph Aspdin — cement … Inventors, Inventions
William Aspdin — (23 September 1815 1864 [A J Francis, The Cement Industry 1796 1914: a History ,David Charles, 1977, ISBN 0 7153 7386 2] ) was an English cement manufacturer, and a pioneer of the Portland cement industry.He was born in Leeds, second son of… … Wikipedia
Portlandzement — Silhouette des Zementwerks Dyckerhoff in Neubeckum/Westf. mit Vorwärmerturm (Mitte), Silos und Förderbandbrücken. Ortseinfahrt von Höver mit … Deutsch Wikipedia
Thurament — Silhouette des Zementwerks Dyckerhoff in Neubeckum/Westf. mit Vorwärmerturm (Mitte), Silos und Förderbandbrücken. Ortseinfahrt von Höver mit … Deutsch Wikipedia
Zement (Baustoff) — Silhouette des Zementwerks Dyckerhoff in Neubeckum/Westf. mit Vorwärmerturm (Mitte), Silos und Förderbandbrücken. Ortseinfahrt von Höver mit … Deutsch Wikipedia
